What are the process states in Unix/Linux?

In Unix/Linux operating systems, processes can be in one of the following states: 1. RUNNING & RUNNABLE 2. INTERRRUPTABLE_SLEEP 3. UNINTERRUPTABLE_SLEEP 4. STOPPED 5. ZOMBIE Let's discuss these states in this article. Fig: Process State transition diagram RUNNING & RUNNABLE   When the CPU executes a process, it will be in a RUNNING state. When the... Continue Reading →

What is ‘Load Average’?

Load average is an age-old metric, which is in existence since the 1970s to indicate whether the system is under heavy/average/low load. It is useful to indicate whether the system’s load is on an increasing trend or a decreasing trend. In this article, let’s learn more about ‘Load Average’. How to understand 'Load Average'?  In... Continue Reading →

I/O waiting CPU time – ‘wa’ in top

CPU consumption in Unix/Linux operating systems are studied using 8 different metrics: User CPU time, System CPU time, nice CPU time, Idle CPU time, Waiting CPU time, Hardware Interrupt CPU time, Software Interrupt CPU time, Stolen CPU time. In this article let us study about ‘waiting CPU time’. What is ‘waiting’ CPU time? Waiting CPU... Continue Reading →

User CPU time – ‘us’ time in top

CPU consumption in Unix/Linux operating systems are studied using 8 different metrics: User CPU time, System CPU time, nice CPU time, Idle CPU time, Waiting CPU time, Hardware Interrupt CPU time, Software Interrupt CPU time, Stolen CPU time. In this article let us study about ‘User CPU time’. What is ‘user’ CPU time? In order... Continue Reading →

System CPU time – ‘sys’ time in top

CPU consumption in Unix/Linux operating systems are studied using 8 different metrics: User CPU time, System CPU time, nice CPU time, Idle CPU time, Waiting CPU time, Hardware Interrupt CPU time, Software Interrupt CPU time, Stolen CPU time. In this article let us study about ‘System CPU time’. What is ‘system’ CPU time? In order... Continue Reading →

Steal CPU time – ‘st’ time in top

CPU consumption in Unix/Linux operating systems are studied using 8 different metrics: User CPU time, System CPU time, nice CPU time, Idle CPU time, Waiting CPU time, Hardware Interrupt CPU time, Software Interrupt CPU time, Stolen CPU time. In this article let us study about ‘Steal (or Stolen) CPU time’. What is ‘steal’ CPU time?... Continue Reading →

nice CPU time – ‘ni’ time in top

CPU consumption in Unix/Linux operating systems are studied using 8 different metrics: User CPU time, System CPU time, nice CPU time, Idle CPU time, Waiting CPU time, Hardware Interrupt CPU time, Software Interrupt CPU time, Stolen CPU time. In this article let us study about ‘nice CPU time’. What is ‘nice’ CPU time? To understand... Continue Reading →

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